Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy Essay Example

Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy Essay Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy Name: Course: Lecturer: We will write a custom essay sample on Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Institution: Date: Solution Focused and Narrative Therapy Introduction In the field of psychology, therapeutic theories have been developed, by scholars, to help in healing people. However, some of them are quite similar, while others are different. The main aim of the theories is to offer help psychologist offer diagnosis to patients. There are two theories, solution focused theory and narrative therapy theory, which are of significant help in the field of psychology. These two theories were developed for treating patients who suffer from different emotional problems. Therefore, when the two theories are analyzed a comparison can be made with the system theory. Discussion Solution Focus Theory Solution focus theory can be described as a form of therapy that concentrates more on seeking solutions for the patients rather than finding the problem with the patients. This means that when patients are being treated the psychologists do not concentrate on the problems affecting the patients. Instead, they concentrated on those activities that are helping the patient’s life. These activities are meant to add value to the patient’s life and not destroying it, where Bryan (2009) says, â€Å"Solutions-Focused Therapy does not emphasize problems; rather, the emphasis is on identifying things within the helpee’s life that are working well and using them as a basis to empower the helpee.† Therefore, solution focused theory concentrates more on solutions rather than problems. Major Concepts There are three major concepts of solution focus theory. The first concept states that ‘if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’ (Bryan 2009). In this concept, the theory encourages psychologists to concentrate on the activities a patient uses to overcome a problem. It mean that, â€Å"this relates to a rule that if the helpee is not complaining about something, do not delve into an issue,† (Bryan, 2009). On the other hand, it discourages psychologist to find solutions to problems. This is where therapists are not supposed to concentrate on those issues affecting the patient. In this case, during a therapy sessions, psychologists tries to highlight those activities a patient was using correctly to solve the problem. Using this concept, patients are easily cured as they concentrate more on what is helping them to solve their problems. The second concept of solution focus theory is more of a continuation from the first concept. It states that ‘once you know what works, do more of it’ (Bryan, 2009). In this concept, therapists are always encouraged to find those activities done correctly by the patient. After they have analyzed and identified them, therapists should encourage patients to take them more often since they have already proved that they work well. It means, â€Å"†¦therapeutic work should be focused on identifying times when the problem is not happening,† (Bryan, 2009). Moreover, these activities should be repeated continuously by the patient for them to work effectively. In reality, therapists should focus on the areas moving on well and not areas that have problems. In the end, the areas moving on well will solve those areas or activities that are not working well. The third concept states that ‘If it does not work, then do not do it again, do something different’ (Bryan, 2009). This concept is very simple because even the patient can be able to follow through easily. In this case, patients at all times should be encouraged to analyze those activities that work for them and those that do not. After a clear analysis, they should not dwell on the activities that do not work. Instead, they should continue performing those activities that work for them. When they continue to avoid the wrong activities and taking those that work for them, they eventually become healed. â€Å"the general idea with this concept is to assist the helpee to discover what works well in her life, †¦ and also discover what does not work well and discontinue those activities †¦,† (Bryan, 2009). Goals There are three main goals of the three towards helping the patient in heals quickly. The first goal is reducing the conflicts where patients think that they ought to do an activity differently to solve their problems yet they have the solution. The second goal of the theory is to help patients stop thinking about their problems and start thinking about solutions. The third goal of the concept is helping patients create achievable goals in their lives rather than creating goals that are not achievable. Narrative Therapy Narrative therapy can be described as a theory in therapy where the patients are encouraged to look back on various experiences to search for solutions to their problems. In this situation, psychologists are expected to evaluate experiences narrated by their patients to establish where mistakes are and solve the mistakes. Additionally, they evaluate those experiences that help patients and encourage their patients to follow them (Nichols, 2011). Therefore, this theory focuses on the experiences of the patients to find solutions to patient’s problems. â€Å"The narrative metaphor focuses on how experience generates expectations and how expectations shape experience through the creation of organizing stories,† (Nichols, 2011) Major Concepts There is one major concept of this theory. This concept states that people past events helps in shaping present behaviors of the people. This concept means that problems can be derived from patients and not from the old interpretation where patients do not believe they are part of the problem. According to this concept, patients are led to change their notion that problems just arise from nowhere. Therefore, using their experiences they are able to establish what could have caused the problem and try to rectify the problem. With this in mind, psychologists can help their patients to solve whatever problem they may be affecting them. Expanding these concepts, human beings come across many experiences in their lives. In their experiences, humans are the ones to choose those experiences to follow and those experiences to do away with. As a result, they end up building their behaviors and characters in the end. From the interpretations developed by humans based on experiences might be positive or negative. Those who choose negative views end up suffering along since they only view future events negatively. Using this concept of the theory, there interpretation can be changed for a positive future thus solving the problem. Finally, this concept establishes that patients are not the problem but behaviors portrayed by them. For instance, a patient might always have a negative attitude towards a certain activity due to experiences with the activity. However, this activity might be of great help to him or her if embraced properly. This shows that the character that has been built in the patients mind is presuming to be a problem since it is deterring him or her to stop achieving the benefit of the activity. In this case, the concept clearly puts the blame on the behaviors rather than the patients thus reducing stress on the patient. Goals The main goals of this theory are based on the psychologists understanding the story line of patients to establish where the problem. For this reason, the first goal of this theory is to assists patients to construct new positive stories that will help them solve their problems. In this situation, psychologists help patients to construct positive thoughts. The second goal of the theory is to deconstruct the lives of the patients. This is where the patients are surrounded by too many negative thoughts and attitudes and they need to change. In this case, therapists are expected to help patients change those discouraging thoughts with encouraging thoughts. Lastly, the theory aims at externalizing problems. This is where patients, with the help of a therapist, establish instances they were able to resist negative thoughts with positive thoughts. Differences between Solution Focus and Narrative Theory with System Theory Based on the two theories, they both emphasis on solutions rather than the problem. For instance, in solution focus theory, therapists are supposed to encourage their patients to perform those activities that help them thus reinforcing their solutions. Similarly, narrative therapy entails using experiences to find solutions that will solve the patient problems. When these two theories are compared to the systems theory, the situation is different. System theory focuses on the problems for solutions. This is where a patient is expected to evaluate where he or she is going wrong based on a group for the purposes of finding new ways to solve the problem (Nichols, 2011). The other difference with these theories is that systems theory uses a group to find solution for the problems. On the other hand, Solution focus theory and narrative theory, only need to use one patient to come with a solution. For instance, in system theory, patient’s behaviors are observed on a group context for easier analysis. After observation, therapists can now come up with a conclusive solution of solving the problem. In the other two theories, therapists only need their patients to evaluate where the problems are and find solutions to these problems. Finally, all the theories have a similarity in them. This is where they are all applicable in a family setting. This means that are applied to treating patients in a family to strengthen their relationship with the other members of the family. For instance, solution focus theory helps the patients understand what he or she is supposed to be doing to strengthen the family ties rather than breaking them. Narrative theory establishes those experiences that were positive towards the family thus encouraging the patient to dwell on them leading to the strengthening of the family. Lastly, system theory establishes where a patient goes wrong in a family context and creates new behaviors that will reinforce the family. Conclusion Therapeutic theories are mostly based on understanding the human behavior for the purposes of coming up with solutions to solve their problems. There are two theories, solution focus theory and narrative, that helps solve family problems. These theories are extremely distinct from the other theories because they only concentrate on the solutions rather than the problems to solve the problems. It may sound complicated but the two theories have proved to be effective in the field of psychology. References Nicholas, M. P. (2011). Essentials of family Therapy. New York, NY: Pearson. Understanding Family Therapy. The Professional Helper

Consequences of using drugs Essays

Consequences of using drugs Essays Consequences of using drugs Essay Consequences of using drugs Essay Consequences of using drugs Many people would ask: why do people use drugs? Or what is the interesting thing about having that vice? Drugs act as poisons, when people have the first time using would begin internal and external situations. Saying that drugs have become the greatest misfortune of society is an exaggerated form of referring to the situation. No one sector of life is free from this outbreak. Crime and violence are obvious consequences, but the lack of morality, education ruined and, of course, ruined lives are less serious and are equally widespread. Inside of health issues we have serious robbers that we need to take control between how it is affected into Problems in main Organs and Withdrawal Symptoms. In main organs we have the heart, when this situation it is not solved in time is possible heart attacks, Also, It may occur problems similar to snuff smoking such as bronchitis and lung infections, and contain many substances that can cause cancer in the lungs. But the problem doesnt stop there; we have the most important thing, the brain and the mind, using drugs affects hardly those things it would be affected into remembering and learning new information every day. When we are talking about withdrawal symptoms, we are referring about lack of main vitamins of the body (C, 81, Magnesium and so on ), people could fall in insomnia, depression, headaches and it is getting worse, addiction. Finally people make disasters when they are eating, almost never they eat something healthy for example: like a plate of beef, rice or plantain they eat more than they usually eat, in this context they get abuse eating 4 or 5 plates of that. Apart from knowing that the problems of drug abuse in the body cause irreversible image, we have the other point of view very highlighted; relationship problems and relations in general. When we talk about relationship problems we refer to a therapeutic level, including education begins at home, which is usually the base and the main thing that can both continue the epidemic of drug abuse and even leave altogether. Among a dysfunctional family where neglect the welfare of each member of them. We found that a family is not communicating or trying to solve the problems in a healthy way, and even lie, steal; because these cases have reached a person gets cake his own life. On the other hand, the person who comes to drug abuse, you can even experiment with drugs more deadly and dangerous than was previously using, for this situation to relate the more people who use other drugs, this would be the beginning of the end of a person who is totally unknown and unconscious. In general appearance, people usually become dependent on drugs tend to change the friendships they had to others who possess drugs. There is an interesting aspect to healthy friendships change the friends who kill, because for a moment it may seem hat everything is fine, when in fact the person regains if he realizes that is lost or perhaps worse, the person feels completely alone and rest is as unique option to repeat events with drugs again and again, until death. Drugs for a moment can relax or rather cure suffering because actually drug abuse is an epidemic, destroys the body step by step, each time as the years pass the person entered a degree of perdition where his body is completely addicted and very importantly, can avoid this disaster, help those who depend on this horrible threat.

Biochip microfludic vortex chamber Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Biochip microfludic vortex chamber - Essay Example These modules deal with movement of fluid in biochip microfluidic vortex chamber, the diffusion and concentration with time of fluid also the electric conductivity between electrodes in chamber. We also illustrate fluid flow in the media channel and the vortex. Biotechnology has emerged as a new technology which can assist in production or modification of molecules and cells, and development of new and useful products, processes, or services. During the process, it is important to study the reactions that occur in the cells leading to desired changes. These reactions or properties can be studied by changing the physical and chemical environment using biochip microfluidic. Microfluidic biochips have revolutionised the clinical diagnosis, DNA Sequence, and other procedures involving molecular biology. Development in this technology has opened further avenues for enzymatic and DNA analysis, including the analysis of proteins and protein peptides, immune, drug delivery implant devices, and environmental monitoring and toxicity assessment (Chakrabarty & Zeng, 2005). With further experimentation and usage of biochips, integration and complexity of design systems is expected to rise dramatically. For the purpose of this paper, a circular vortex chamber is used which opens into an outlet into a media channel. Opposite to the outlet channel, there is an opening for a control inlet. Cells are pushed into the vortex chamber through the control inlet while keeping the outlet closed. Once the cells are in the chamber, the inlet can be closed, the outlet opened and fluid can be passed through the media channel. As the fluid is passing, the cells in the chamber start to circulate. Two-way diffusion takes place between the chemical species in the circulating fluid inside the vortex and the fluid in the media channel. However, owing to negligible diffusion rates, very little movement takes place from the

Management of International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management of International - Essay Example Malaysia is one of the prominent emerging countries in the South East Asia. Malaysian holds the third place in the South East Asia and twenty ninth place in the global economy as per the recent statistics. Malaysia is an Islamic state even though Malaysian Muslims are more civilized and educated compared to Muslims in other parts of the world. Coke needs no introduction in the international market. They are the biggest soft drink manufacturers in the world. Even though Coke was keener in protecting the environment and demonstrating their corporate social responsibility, some of their tactics were criticized heavily by the neutral observers. Injudicious underwater exploitation is the major criticism labelled against Coke from many countries. Coke is currently trying to expand their wings in Malaysia. They are facing severe challenges in Malaysian market because of the anti-American feelings developing across the Muslim community all over the world. Moreover, health concerns about the soft drinks are also growing everywhere and the increasing popularity of bottled water is another major threat for the ambitions of Coke. This report analyses the opportunities and threats waiting for Coca Cola in Malaysia. ... Organizational culture, climate, behaviour and theories have changed a lot as a result of internationalization of business. Outsourcing and offshoring like new business concepts entered the business world because of the growing cross cultural business activities. Corporate companies and other big organizations have already experienced saturation in their domestic countries and they were waiting for an opportunity to internationalise their business. Liberalized rules and regulations for the entry of foreign direct investments (FDI) by many of the countries made the path easy for the multinational companies to exploit the possibilities of Globalization. Even though, the popularity of international business is unquestionable, many of the big organizations are facing stiff challenges in doing international business because of the improper business strategies. Domestic business strategies are not suitable for international business because of the extreme diverse business environment in th e target country. Coca Cola is the world’s largest non-alcoholic beverage company. â€Å"Coca Cola products are consumed at the rate of one billion per day† (Bellis, 2009). â€Å"Invented by Doctor John Pemberton in May, 1886, Coca Cola is currently operating in more than 200 countries with over 50,000 employees and more than 800 production and distribution centres and 300 worldwide bottling partners† (The Coca-Cola Company: Growth, Leadership, Sustainability, 2009). Innovative business strategies keeping in pace with the needs of the changing world made Coca Cola one of the all time great companies in the world at present. Coca Cola and its corporate social responsibility Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) is one of the major business term talked loudly in the

Research report on student consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research report on student consumerism - Essay Example However, only three questionnaires were returned and, consequently, considered within the research analysis. Thus, the sample is represented by three female full-time students, who live in the university dorm, are of the same age, but study different majors. The questionnaire they filled in included questions that would provide an insight to why they prefer some types of food over other and how their preferences have changed since their coming to the university. Literature Review Basis for the present research was derived from the analysis of available literature and research on consumer behavior in terms of consumers’ habits, preferences, and approaches to eating and food shopping. The major literature that advised present research included researches that had been conducted primarily among university students in Canada (Eichler, 1988) that studied factors influencing person’s food choices, difference in approaches to student diet, etc. Thus, according to Silverman (19 97) there is a â€Å"Weight Gain Attributed to University Life† phenomenon known as the â€Å"freshman 15.† It is a popular belief that university students gain an average of fifteen pounds during their first year of university (Mason, 2002). Although it is partly a myth, studies show evidence that the majority of students entering university do in fact gain a significant amount of body mass during their first year of university attendance, which is associated with the accumulation of body fat (Blaxter, Hughes, Tight, 2006) A research by Hammersley (1993) looks at the factors influencing a person’s food choices, which are numerous and the relationships between those factors are seemingly complex (Wolcott, 1990). There is a high level of variance between the factors identified and described by researchers; the number and specificity of these factors vary, depending on the scope of the study. (Yates, 2004) Researchers of Healthy University of Toronto limited their study of food security on the St. George campus to five main factors: time, location, cost, variety, and nutrition (Wolcott, 1990). In another study, Holliday (2007) described factors as four stimulus properties of foods: Budget-friendly, Energizing, Sensory satisfaction, and Time; this is known as ‘BEST’ (Holliday, 2007). In contrast, a qualitative study conducted by Ribbens and Edwards (1998) to assess adolescents’ perceptions of factors influencing their food choices uncovered numerous situation-specific factors; media, peer influence, body image, mood, food cravings, and vegetarian beliefs are just some examples (Ribbens, Edwards, 1998) Method In this research Interview method has been used to collect data from our target respondents. We used direct interview method to get the answers. Major reason to use this method is the Open ended nature of Questions which have been asked to the Interviewees but at the same time it was not completely an un-structured typ e of interview because we have used the list of questions to get the desired results for our research topic so one can say that this was the semi-structure type of interview. There is certain benefit for using this approach like, In this way respondents can easily express their feelings more easily and Convenient and in result of this approach the non-biased information can be easily collect to some extent. (Taylor, 2002) The selected sample students are hostelries therefore there are chances

We Are Surrounded By Advertisements Media Essay

We Are Surrounded By Advertisements Media Essay The Absolut Vodka advertising campaign has been going on successively from 1981.this has been going on for over twenty years; this is practically forever in advertising. Industry insiders consider it being the most successful campaigns when it comes to the history of advertising. It is not often that one comes across ads which scratch on the copy to center of attention on the visual appeal. Absolut Vodka is one such campaign. More over the star of the ads is constantly the gorgeous, sneaky, chameleon-like bottle from Sweden. It is brilliant as it focuses on the visual to pass the message. The Absolut ads are mainly celebrated for their ingenuity as their longevity. They are full of humor, invention, and thoughts as they deftly talk about the brands values, often containing little confronts to the reader to understand just what is going on inside the ad. Still advertising campaign has gone into a point of wining many rewards, as well as charter membership in the American Marketing Ass ociation. It was initiated into the Hall of Fame in 1992 together with two additional brands: Coca Cola and Nike. The advertising campaign was conceded by TBWA Advertising. In order to ensure this report, there is a need to analyze the turn out ads for this brand to show the role played in shaping the fortune of ABSOLUT. However there are a diversity of themes which the agency worked on in attempt to reveal the fascinating usage of symbols and signs expressing the message of the brand. This include; cities, arts, products and holidays etc. It was necessary to delve into the past of the brand while taking a look at the communication messages so as find its meaning . this help to see how the layers kept increasing to the brand images. Absolut Vodka is a Swedish brand of vodka, produced near Ã…hus, Scania, in southern Sweden . Although, it was not a refined product, it contained world class raw components: uncontaminated Swedish water and wheat . this was referred as Absolut pure vodka . in 1970, the Swedish government had taken control of the production and distribution of the beverage alcohol industry, including Absolut .By the late 1970s, , Abosult would have to become an export product incase the distillery would survive .The brand owners surprisingly knew that they had to tap America as the main market . In the 1970s America reported thatr 60% of the vodka was being consumed in the free world However most of vodka consumed in America was made in America and it was sold cheaply .it was held that all vodka are of th e same quality this was because the production was effortless. Especially when compared with Scotch and other whiskeys .only a few of necessary ingredients were needed and there was no need for aging., as with Scotch and other whiskeys .another reason is that majority of consumers mixed their vodka with tomato juice, orange juice, tonic or other mixers. They didnt much care about the underlying quality of the vodka. The piercing on the bottle is the signifier that has more to do with the norms of the gay and punk communities found in America probably in 1960s. The fashion accessory shown here is symbolic of current upcoming society particularly the gay subculture. That was gaining momentum. The ad was even released through the time. The piercing also symbolizes a non-traditionalist fashion proclamation. Further it is symbolizes use of human body as a image to show the freedom from the community norms or system of behavior Signified. Sincerely speaking about experimenting with your body is the implication that comes visually in the ad. This is shown with the result of glow in the background. It works as a glare of publicity. Well the bottle is no longer just a bottle, but a metaphor of the human body. The identification of people who believed to the concept of being Practical with their body, particularly the gay subculture The upright body language of the bottle possibly has a direct connection to the human posture and demonstrates the boldness of the person to go communicate to the world. The ad gives them this space to voice their openness. This space then becomes their platform of self-expression. Almost as if to say, this is me I am comfortable with myself and the way I want to experiment with my body. The endeavor of the marketer is to no longer keep it restricted to drinking vodka but to make the bottle an icon that is relevant to them. This icon is then anticipated to be holding close by them. Also important to note that the color coding of a black background exaggerates their emergence. Gay as a trend has existed since time memorials. The black background shows how these people may have actually come out from the darkness or the shadows which they were hiding behind to an open platform into the public interest. They can now declare their sexual predilections. The Absolut Vodka bottle over the years has become conventional sign in advertising. It has been branded so well that shape of the bottle itself has turn out to be an iconic figure for designers as well as the general community. Main stress in their ads has paid attention on symbolic descriptions and ideas which most of the time contain a dual meaning. The translation of the meaning is slightly simple though enough for viewers to like because the meaning differs throughout every ad even though the idea is always the same. The ads often relate to ideologies within the society, following general trends, political affairs and art. Due to this, the advertisements do not always focus on audience but slightly expended their boarders to reach different kinds of demographics. By maneuvering the bottle Absolut has managed to clearly bring the meaning of the message through symbols and language from the surrounding For example, introduction of the slogan Absolut Brrr! which was visually fixed with a bottle covered in blizzard. Through this we are able to see the strong relationship that Absolut Vodka ads have with iconicity and how over the years successfully branded the product. The worlds longest and interrupted advertising campaign named absolute vodka was founded in 1879 by Lars Olsson Smith the now forth largest international spirit is now available to more than 126 nations. This is all due to much fame through its advertising campaign that made it win many awards, including charter membership in the American Marketing Associations Marketing Hall of Fame. The original idea for the campaign is said to have come from a South African artist; who claim to have gotten the idea while in his bathing tube.33333333 The magnifying glass is used to emphasize the name and the country from where Absolut Vodka comes. This shows the nervousness in the connection between USA and Soviet Union. This ad was published when the Soviet Union was particularly unpopular in the United States due to its invasion of Afghanistan and also the downing of a Korean jetliner,The time period in which was this ad subtly emphasized the fact that Absolut was made in Sweden, not in Russia. It was common knowledge that Vodka was synonymous with Russia. Despite speaking of its origin from Sweden on the produce itself. Most citizens who consumed the drink did not decode the message directly. Its the same experience of how people at times fill in the gaps as they have embedded in their minds due to sub-conscious conditioning. I draw logic from the research done wherein people look at the first and the last word and are able to understand the word, irrespective of the spelling in between being right or wrong. In the same manner vodka comes from Russia was the accepted belief although one tend to take that in vain. They were to state that the drink actually came from Sweden, but this would not occur to them that it is of great significance. This is because the connection has been well-known in their mind. The promoter was aware of this psychology of the consumer and they deliberately downplayed the Sweden relationship for the brand. This plan was employed until it was perfect time to highlight the truth. Thus during this period of anxiety the Key point delivered was on its Swedish origin. There is a strategic placement of the silhouette of Absolut vodka bottle in the core of the visual clichà © of Christmassy stuffs. Moreover this is a tactful route to turn out to be one of the numerous icons that portray tradition of Christmas celebration. This supply the consumer with what Christmas tradition is all about. The background of a home shows that consumption of Absolut vodka to commemorate Christmas at home is part and parcel of the Christmas tradition. Further a story is being told inside the toy train figure of the bottle. The setting probably explains the descriptions of how a typical American home seems to be during Christmas time. It right away talks to a socio-economic sector of families Theme Absolut Cities: These ads are a sequence of cities-detailed ads Absolut Las Vegas; The idea that classify a city Signifier: Shrimps and sauce in this case, cap of the bottle arranged in the figure of the Absolut bottle Signified: The food relation of Las Vegas as a city disparate to the mental imagery which one would instantly draw for it as a Casino city. Well this ad is well done and of course breaks the illustration clichà © of Las Vegas as a city. It also brings out another surface of it .it raises question why there is roughly purposeful intention not bring out the Sin City image of Las Vegas in the Ad .it is not wise to take vodka without beer. A true specialist will always eat something after downing a glass; hence the above visual-logic would make sense. Though we dint know relationship between shrimps with Las Vegas. Las Vegas is about extremes. This extends to shrimps which are seen as exotic food and probably invokes an elitist consumption attitude. The advertising campaign for Absolut vodka was considered the best of the 20th century. Yet not known whether it was due to the ads, the unique bottle shape that made Absolut the best imported vodka in market. Michel Roux of Carillon Importers spends more than any other label on advertising to ensured that the sales of the Swedish brand increased in declining market. Throw away ads of the industrys typical bottle and glass , Geoff Hayes of the TBWA agency made the first Absolut excellence ad featuring the short, clear bottle putting on a halo. Incidentally this was the same bottle claimed by marketing research to the tune of $ 78 000,that it would fail since it did not have a paper label and also the neck was very small for the bartenders to holt it. In Absolut Original the bottle was fixed in stone as if it was very old. In Absolut Manhattan a satellite photo of New York anticipated central park fashioned like a bottle. In Absolut Seattle a rain pond had the bottle figure and in Absolut L.A. a swimming pool was calculated in the now renowned bottle shape. The city ads have turn out to be among the most admired Absolut ads. In Absolut San Francisco you barely observe the bottle for the fog. In Absolut Chicago the breeze is blowing away the inscriptions from the bottle. In Absolut D.C. the bottle is covered in red ribbon. Most of European towns are featured, for instance, Absolut Copenhagen demonstrate doorway to Tivoli converted to the famous bottle shape. Also Holmenkollen was converted for Absolut Oslo, the locals cried foul, with no will to relate their much-loved game with alcohol. However in Absolut Berlin it was a piece of the wall and in Absolut Naples a lampshade and hanging laundry that wisely copied the shape of the bottle. The greatest release for Absolut emerged when daughter of the Swedish Ambassador communicated to Andy Warhol into painting a celebrity statue of the bottle. The artist was fascinated because he never took alcohol. He only used Absolut as cologne. Absolut Warhol followed by ads comprising many unknown painters, photographers sculptors, but For artists like the Brazilian painter Britto, the Absolut payment was a commercial get through. All the samel Absolut has run almost 500 advertisements most of them featuring artists from varicose places. Up to date art community still talks about the 32-page Absolut Glasnost. Common run have shown South American, African Swedish, American, and other artists. Absolut ads have become a collectors item and many galleries actually sell old cut out ads. There are several books about the ads and the Absolut software (1-800-568-1566) that is a virtual museum of Absolut art. The first seasonal Absolut advertisement extravaganza was a much-talked about microchip playing Christmas carols in 1987. Later ads have included a packet of seeds (Absolut Spring), Donna Karan mittens; designer silk scarves and panty hose all sporting the Absolut bottle. In 1990 the New York magazine had a working forty eight piece Absolut Puzzle. Another Christmas the agency created an ad with a snow flake-filled pouch so that Absolut Wonderland snowed as if it was in a glass ball when you shook it. One year Absolut inserted a sheet of stamps with its Warhol, Haring and Rusha ads with an 80 proof denomination. The stamps were actually accepted by most post offices as legal postage. For an ad in Playboy magazine, Absolut created an Absolut Centerfold with a bottle without any text on it but with an accompanying playmate data sheet complete with things like the perfect night: at home with my closest friends, Sven, Bjà ¶rn, Ingmar, while jumping back and forth between the sauna and ice baths, we exchange our favorite galaxy recipes. If it had not been for Absolut and its extender products Pepper, Currant, Citron and Mandrin, the world may never have realized that Sweden had a substantial liquor production. Thanks to the campaign, Absolut may now be more famous than Volvo. Today it is the House of Seagrams that distributes Absolut in North America, after Michel Roux and Carillon Importers (who took the vodka from nothing to 3 million cases a year) was booted out by the Swedish VIN Sprit monopoly. The successful Absolut marketing formula perfected in the U. S.A. is now practiced all over the world. The advertising campaign has also led to many parodies. Mad magazine ran Absolut Liver with an x-ray of a liver that has a silhouette of guess what? In Absolut Winter you see a virgin snow-covered background on which a man is urinating and thereby drawing a yellow pattern in the snow of you guessed it. When the advertising critical Ad busters ran ads entitled Absolut Nonsense, Absolut Impotence and Absolut Silence, the producers threatened to sue the magazine. The Absolut Nonsense copy stated any suggestion that our advertising campaign has contributed to alcoholism, drunk driving or wife and child beating is absolute nonsense. No one pays any attention to advertising. When looking at a series of ads, we have a better idea of the artistic significance attached seen in the images.it is true to saythat the image of the Absolut bottle is now a cultural icon.it ia aimed to make it identifiable as a distinct sign of class for all who sees it.however the reader should recognise the vodka bottle surrounded by the text to make sense of the ad.   This expectation depends on the network of ads that have paved the way to it.  quick identification of the image qualifies the reader of an Absolut ad to be a member of an private club.   the campaign aims to register everyone to be a member of the group by affirming that their art and the bottle, shows significant cultural reflections of people associated with the upper class that are appropriate to all associates without putting into consideration their actual class status. The different genres of Absolut ads carry distinct cultural messages, and contain a universal class claim that is associated with the image of the vodka bottle.   The ads reinforce the cultural myth that American culture is defined in terms of class structure.   However, it offers a mixed message about class that is clear and liquid: class can be bought. this campaign has the idea that American society is clear in terms of class through setting ,object, , audience, camera angle in the advertisement.   The promotions confront this idea by making it public in most magazines reaching people of all kind.   Moreover they are bridging the gap in cultural class, when authorizing such a various audience connection into an exclusive ad campaign. The advertisement is not only selling the reader vodka, but also selling the false impression of an earned communal place connected with the higher class. The class theme within the Absolut Vodka advertising campaign is demonstrated in one of the most new published Absolut ads entitled, Absolut Voted-Off.   This is very basic ad shows four bottles of seasoned Absolut Vodka put together on the left side of the page.   The bottles are described by bright, yellow, purple and orange.  The original absolute vodka when you look at extreme right side of the page, which is not facing the viewers, is the original Absolut Vodka bottle that is only revealing half of its cold, blue label.   The text, Absolut Voted-Off appears at the bottom of the page.   What does this ad reveal on the surface?   At first glance it seems to be selling the new flavored vodkas, representing them as important and associated with a distinguished category.   However, this advertisement is characteristic of the mixed messages portrayed by the Absolut advertising campaign. 333333 Conclusion: Absolut Vodka ad campaign is unbeatably one of the big thoughts in the ad industry. This is because it has endured the test of time for over twenty years. Having gone through the ad campaign over a period of time, the semiotic the campaign is actually the preliminary years in which the bottle symbolized a person and his humanity. Moreover the campaign has something to do with the world and its inhabitance. The changeover is sparkling. From the marketers approach, these days Absolut is not just about America; it is mounting its reach internationally. Now It is no longer person precise and neither focus on personalitys story of belongingness or nor characteristics. It has more to do with the larger picture. It is the world that is today and what we wish be like. Interestingly the world these days is undeniably beyond America. In my standpoint an additional reason for this move is the heart-to-heart experience. Just to explain further, a kind of homogeneity is seen still in the immeasurable variety which is in existence today. However homogeneity might be; a need for safety from terrorism, the wish for cure to a fatal disease likes Aids, etc. The plan in the larger sense fits a combine aspect for nations, states, society and also persons. Never the less ad campaign concentrate on certain universal matters and for that reason it is trying to raise a global campaign and a innermost idea of what an Absolute World could be.

Farenheit 451 as a Warning :: Farenheit 451 Essays

Farenheit 451 as a Warning What are the rights of a government? Does the government have the right to control what we think and where we get our intellectual stimulation? After the Constitution of the United States was drafted, a Bill of Rights containing ten articles was adopted and ratified by the thirteen states. In the first article, it guaranteed the people the freedom of religion, speech, the press, and public assembly. People were given the right to enrich themselves with knowledge accumulated through their readings from whatever source they chose and to make criticism towards the government as they saw fit. Because of the liberty given to its people, it is no wonder that the United States government is considered a model government in the world today. Any sound government would allow its people to make their own free judgement according to their knowledge from any sources they may gather. Ray Bradbury's vision of a disordered world was expressed in his book Fahrenheit 451. Set in the future, it deals with a man's struggle between his destructive government position and his inner self-conscience. Guy Montag was a fireman but he did not put out fires. Instead, he created them through the burning of books. This was what Bradbury was trying to imply through the title of his book, Fahrenheit 451, the temperature at which books burn. Montag was leading a fairly happy life until he met a girl, Clarisse, who aroused his deepest feelings and fears. He became curious about the contents of books and wondered why they were so feared. This led him through a series of events which changed his life forever. When Montag asked Beatty about the burning of books he was told, "If you don't want a man to be unhappy politically, don't give him two sides to a question to worry him; give him one. Better yet, give him none." The futurist government displayed in Fahrenheit 45 1 tried to prevent any feelings or opinions contrary to their own because they did not want to be challenged. Instead, they fed unwanted junk into the minds of their people through the parlor, a wall to wall television. This machine, that does not inspire the thinking process, lead them to make the conclusion that their world revolves around it and nothing else.

Management Functions

Introduction Management can be defined as a creative problem solving which is accomplished through four basic functions: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. All functions are vitally important as failure to accomplish one function may lead to failure of the overall project. Actually, in accounting firm management functions are necessary to develop effective allocation of resources and to achieve the desired objectives and missions. Planning is defined as the process of setting missions and objectives which are of top priority for accounting firm. Organizing is defined as coordinating and controlling of tasks and information within firm or company. Leading is defined as influencing employee by means of motivation, leadership and discipline. Controlling is defined as establishing and measuring standards of performance based on company’s missions and objectives. (Higgins 1998) Management Functions Planning function is considered fundamental from others are being developed. Planning is important for accounting firm as today’s’ decisions will directly affect the future of the firm. For example, in accounting firm financial manager is ready to go to organizing function only after goals and objectives are set. Planning affects all levels of management in accounting firm. Nevertheless, planning characteristics are varying from level to level. Planning suggests setting vision, missions, goals and objectives. Vision is defined as non-specific motivational guidance. Mission answers the question why business exists. In accounting firm, mission answers the question about the necessity of bookkeeping. For example, one possible mission of accounting firm is to create net income balance for particular project or company. Objectives define market standing, productivity, financial resources, etc. Finally, goals are defined as â€Å"specific statements of anticipated results that further define the organization's objectives†. (Erven 1999) Organizing function ensures establishment of firm’s internal organizational structure. In accounting firm this function focuses on controlling accounting and financial tasks and coordinating the flow of financial information within the firm. Organizing suggests also labor division, authority delegation, departmentation, span of control, and coordination. As far as accounting firm has more than two employees, it has to take these decisions into account. Division of labor suggests that employees are divided to perform particular tasks. Delegation of authority is, primarily, distribution of power within firm. In accounting firm delegation of authority can be used to make financial manager free to pay attention to high priority activities. (Woody 1998) Leading function is finding effective ways to guide employees’ work and to motivate them to perform better. Usually, this function is accomplished through effective interpersonal motivation, group dynamics, discipline and leadership. Actually, in accounting firm I am working in leading aims at channeling the behavior of employees to accomplish set goals and objectives. Nevertheless, the role of leader is vital as he should help people to stay motivated. Moreover, leading function is responsible for leading the flow of project accomplishing. Leading play important role in accounting as this process should be controlled to avoid calculating mistakes and not to waste time for checking in future. (Erven 1999) Controlling function is measuring performance and taking prevention measures if necessary. The control process is, actually, a cycle process. In accounting firm, controlling suggests identification of computation errors and problems before the project is returned to the customer. Controlling is related with all other management function as it is built on planning, organizing and leading. Usually, effective control systems are characterized by flexibility, accuracy, timeliness, cost effectiveness, and ability to control all business levels. Also controlling is my firm is used to revealing inaccurate information or lack of understanding the necessity of information. (Erven 1999) References Higgins, James. (1994). The Management Challenge. USA: Macmillan. Woody, Alexander. (1998). Staffing and Organizing the Management Accounting Function at Large Financial Institutions. Retrieved February 25, 2008, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3682/is_199801/ai_n8760331 ; ; ; ; ; Management functions Management can be defined as the procedure of getting things done by means of and through human resource personnel by directing and inspiring their hard work towards achieving universal goals. Human resource in any organization is the most important asset since without them the management cannot attain the achieved goals since they are the one coordinating the activities of any particular organization. Secretary is part of the human resource in any organization and in fact he/she has a bigger role to play in achieving the organization’s goals and objectives. We can therefore say that the secretary just like the manager of any organization plays the role of being an enabler in that he/she must ensure that things are in order for the boss or other employees for them to carry out effectively without many difficulties. Discussion Functions of management are those of planning, organizing, leading and controlling and such all four functions requires that the secretary should have skills and knowledge on how to carry out such management functions in an organization in this case middle school organization. Planning is considered to be the primary function of management and actually encompasses establishing what should be carried out in future. Planning entails setting of objectives, processes, regulations and other tasks required for attainment of organization’s mission statement. Usually the best strategies are selected from various identified strategies and therefore will require forecasting the future and how best to attain the results that will ensure the success of the organization. As a secretary therefore skills of planning function must be utilized for example gathering and sorting information and ensuring how such information should be disseminated to other employees as well as planning what the senior managers will be required to do and notifying them on any changes. Such skills on how to plan effectively will be of great importance to the secretary in order to avoid conflicts and thus attainment of goals. (Maundy, 2001) The other function of management is that of organizing which involves arranging and allocating tasks in the workplace in order to attain the set organization’s objectives. In essence, organization function is responsible for how tasks will be divided and achieved efficiently and effectively. Usually the supervisors of all organizations are responsible for identifying tasks and subdividing work groups in to separate sections in an organization. However, the secretary plays a major role too since she has the responsibility of tasks specifications and assigning them to various employees as directed by the senior mangers. Therefore as the secretary for middle school the responsibility under this function will be that of ensuring that all the tasks to be done are clearly defined and divided to all responsible employees on time and such tasks are assigned to the most competent and qualified employees in the middle school. The other function of management is that of leading which involves directing human resource of an organization in the right path in order to achieve the set goals efficiently and effectively. Traditionally this function involves directing, educating and overseeing the employees within an organization. The secretary too plays this role in modern world by having the responsibility of guiding and coaching other labor force to achieve the set goals; for example in middle school as a secretary it will be of great importance to lead by example that is achieving the set goals and targets on time and guiding the rest of employees in the school to carry out their tasks without much difficulty. (Rampton, 2003) The other function is that of controlling which entails ensuring that the real performance achieved is matched with the intended results and also ensuring that corrective measures are undertaken if there are deviations from the set goals. This function goes hand in hand with planning such that if poor planning was done then the set goals will not be achieved and therefore will necessitate controlling function to efficiently redesign the plan in order to achieve congruent goals. As a secretary of middle school, this function will involve ensuring that any tasks allocated to individuals are finished in time and the target results are achieved from such tasks. Conclusion We can therefore conclude that, management functions apply in every organization and middle school level are not exceptional in order to attain desired goals. The secretaries therefore in such middle schools should be equipped with skills that will ensure that the above functions are coordinated well and with ease thus accomplishing the set goals efficiently and effectively. The management functions are considered to be continuous processes such that the effective accomplishment of one function will lead to attaining other functions smoothly within an organization. It is therefore necessary for all organizations to continuously provide training programs in order to sharpen the skills of there employees so that they can effectively perform the management functions with less difficulties. (Hilltop, 1994) Reference Hilltop J (1994): European Human Resource Management in Transition. New York, Prentice Hall, pp 23-76 Maundy L (2001): An Introduction to Human to Human Resource Management- Theory and Practice. Macmillan, Palgrave pp 12-45 Rampton L (2003): Human Resource Management. New York,   Ã‚  Melbourne press, pp 23-37   

the period of rebirth essays

the period of rebirth essays The Renaissance has always been interesting and fascinating historical period that means rebirth and represents a change in thinking. People were waking up from a deep sleep, which lasted during the Middle Ages. Urgent to learn and know, they started to experiment, put the foundations of things we still use today and created art we still admire. Renaissance has significant impact on development of peoples human consciousness, culture, and spiritual destiny. It was the time when Europe flooded with classical art, literature, new scientific explorations and discoveries. Moreover, three men, Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael, shows best the cultural values of the Renaissance and enter more vitality, emotions and beauty, as well as technology, proportion and philosophy. One great representative of the intellectual society that was formed during the Renaissance was Leonardo Da Vinci-a scientist, an inventor, and an artist. In his art one can easily recognize his knowledge of beauty and the ability of expressing vitality. All his works became masterpieces, but the Last Supper is one of the best known works of art in the world. Even though, the Last Supper had been painted before, Leonardo's version was the first that seemed to depict real people acting like real people. All figures are displayed very human, expressing emotions. As Dr. Napoleon stated in Globe magazine, this painting has a highly dramatic effect, which depicts the moment when pronounces the words, One of you will betray me. The psychological intensity of the apostles reactions to the Masters revelation is almost palpable. The drama of the painting is created through the emotions of the disciples, each of whom reacts in a different and personal way, through their awe-stuck and incred ulous facial expressions, and through the variety of gestures and fluid movement of their arms and bodies. The artist portrays the psy ...

Quotes from the Book Things Fall Apart

Quotes from the Book Things Fall Apart Things Fall Apart  an important African novel by Chinua Achebe, is  one of the greatest classics of its time. The book involves the clash of cultures and belief systems, as colonization affects the people. Here are a few quotes from Things Fall Apart. Quotes From Things Fall Apart A proud heart can survive general failure because such a failure does not prick its pride. It is more difficult and more bitter when a man fails alone.- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 3 But he was not the man to go about telling his neighbors that he was in error. And so people said he had no respect for the gods of the clan. His enemies said that his good fortune had gone to his head.- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 4 No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man.- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 7 When did you become a shivering old woman, Okonkwo asked himself, you, who are known in all the nine villages for your valor in war? How can a man who has killed five men in battle fall to pieces because he has added a boy to their number? Okonkwo, you have become a woman indeed.- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 8 After such treatment it would think twice before coming again, unless it was one of the stubborn ones who returned, carrying the stamp of their mutilationa missing finger or perhaps a dark line where the medicine mans razor had cut them.- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 9 Beware Okonkwo! she warned. Beware of exchanging words with Agbala. Does a man speak when a god speaks? Beware!- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 11 It was like beginning life anew without the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, like learning to become left-handed in old age.- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 14 We have heard stories about white men who made the powerful guns and the strong drinks and took slaves away across the seas, but no one thought the stories were true.- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 15 Living fire begets cold, impotent ash.- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 17 The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart.- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 20 Okonkwo stood looking at the dead man. He knew that Umuofia would not go to war. He knew because they had let the other messengers escape. They had broken into tumult instead of action. He discerned fright in that tumult. He heard voices asking: Why did he do it?- Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Ch. 24

Gun Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Gun Violence - Essay Example It is often put that gun violence is brought about by specific factors which to evidently would be untrue basing on findings on the subject (Reese, par. 20-24). Gun violence is attributed to a number of issues. These vary from lifestyle to economic reasons. For instance, social concerns are pinpointed as one of the reasons that yield to the tragedy. Such issues around the society as biases, social classification, just to mention but a few are termed as crucial in dictating gun violence. For instance, ethnic background and history confirm that black Americans are amongst the larger share of the victims involved. The problem is however, this same ethnicity is self targeted; an occurrence that raises question as to whether the issue is inter-ethnic or the contrary. In as much as the historical perceptions may have such a massive influence on the people there is more to the violence than the background can provide (Reese, par 5). The problem also arises with the nature in which the inventories of armories are handled. Evidently, there are approximately 283 million fire arms in the hands of the civilians. However this does not directly guarantee violence. It turns out that of this big number of civilian procession, most of the violence cases accrue from the firearms distributed by individual dealers. Roughly 30,000 firearms are unaccounted for annually from the dealers’ inventories. This makes the control of such distribution difficult especially given the policy guidelines (Reese, par. 4). Another paradigm significant in explaining the gun violence is the family and the society value system. There are several instances in records of homicidal and suicidal cases involving firearms in US. Most of these cases are unaccounted for by the media houses owing to the dynamic debates around them. When for example, a teenage girl indiscriminately shoots at her school mates and

To be labeled or not be labeled Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

To be labeled or not be labeled - Essay Example Disability, in itself reflects a social attitude of a child in terms of those ways in which he reacts towards his social circle. So, it is not just 'being labeled a child' as Anita Ho describes but it is all about 'labeling a child according to his attitude or mental capabilities and it is necessary so that a child bears no more trouble in getting up to the expectations of his family, friends and teachers, because it is also seen in umpteen cases that teachers unconsciously builds too much of expectations from a child, to which a child is also aware of and when he assumes that he fail to fulfill their expectations, he emotionally gets disturbed. So, it is better to label children than to outrage their personalities due to too many expectations. contact with them including family and friends. ... His family of course has built up many high hopes with his educational carrier. What if despite knowing his mental capability he fails to get up to his family and teacher's expectation Well, I think this would bring him feelings of guilt and embarrassment, which is too much of considering him as 'labeled'. Mother is the closest personality to a child, and as mentioned by Niedecken (2003) she is bound to fulfill the nameless anxieties. In the attempt to bind these anxieties, the mother develops some phantasies around her child, which later take the form of unintentional expectations. These expectations do not allow her to get her child exposed to the outer world of hate and sympathy. So, it is already difficult for mothers to find a way of giving expression to negative feelings towards their child, feelings that are generated by a situation that demands so many sacrifices from them for the child's sake. So it is especially difficult when the mother sees herself confronted with a situation in which she has to protect her child from the animosity of an environment, which is hostile towards people with learning disabilities. (Niedecken, 2003, p. 72) In these circumstances it is better to be labeled among other 'labeled' children than to be a victim of hate of the outer 'unlabeled' world. 3) Anita Ho is right about the perception usually adopted by the gatherings of a 'labeled' child as the label simply covers all his capabilities due to which he is not considered as a 'normal' or 'winning' personality. Niedecken (2003) while highlighting one of the main causes of learning disability suggests that it is in fact created in a child by adopting all those ways and measures due to which a child