Tetanus :: essays research papers

Tetanus is a potentially life-threatening disease, usually associated with infected puncture wounds. Its common name is lockjaw, because a typical first symptom of the disease is stiffness and tightening of the jaw muscles. Tetanus has been recognized for centuries, even as early as the 5th – 4th century B.C., in the picturesque descriptions Hippocrates gave of the disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This infectious disease is caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani, which is sometimes found in soil. It produces a toxin as it multiplies, that affects the nervous system. Some symptoms of tetanus are muscular spasms, and rigidity of the body, there might also be chills, headache, fever, and difficulty swallowing. If gone unchecked this toxin causes death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When diagnosed a physician will sterilize the wound. If the Tetanus is already severe the patient will become hypersensitive and must be kept in a quite dark room. At this stage the doctors can only treat the symptoms, with muscle relaxants, antibiotics, and sedatives. The most important treatment for Tetanus is prevention, through a vaccine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 19th century Tetanus was the concern of Joseph Lister in patients who had the disease in the hospital. A. Carle, G. Rattone, A. Nicolaire, and others recognized the Infectious nature of Tetanus in 1884 – 1888. The isolation of the bacteria and its toxin happened in 1889-1892 by S. Kitasato, T Weyl, and A. Nicolaire. S. Kitasato, L. Villiard, E. von Behring, and W. Schutz did animal experiments on both active and passive immunization in 1890 – 1892. Crystallization of the neurotoxin happened in 1949, because of L.

Diary of Emotions

Experiencing different emotions have been a normal part of my daily life and thus having to take notice of it and be keenly aware of the physiological and psychological aspects of the emotion made me think of how difficult it is to fully explain emotion. Usually, what stays with our memory are the emotions that are intense and powerful, like anger, sadness and happiness, while the fleeting emotions of annoyance, impatience, worry and anxiety are taken for granted.With the emotion diary I was acutely aware of what I was feeling but rather had difficulty in naming what I felt or in identifying what kind of emotion I was feeling. A number of theories have tried to explain human emotion. Since emotion is a subjective experience and that mush of it is experienced physically, then the theories that explain emotion do so by looking into the biological and psychological components of emotions.The James-Lange (Atkinson, et. al. , 1996) theory says that the biological component of emotions suc h as physiological arousal and facial expressions are most influential in producing the subjective experience of an emotion. The theory argues that because perception of autonomic arousal constitutes the experience of an emotion and because different emotions feel different, there must be a distinct pattern of autonomic activity for each emotion.Thus, when my heart beat races and the hairs at the back of my neck rise, I feel fear and so I cower in my seat or close my eyes as I watch a horror movie. On the other hand, the cognitive appraisal theory of Schachter and Singer (1962) espoused that cognitive appraisal are sufficient to determine the quality of emotional experience, thus if people could be induced to be in a neutral state of autonomic arousal, the quality of their emotion would be determined solely by their appraisal of the situation.Hence, upon observing my surroundings wherein I was in front of the TV inside my house with all the doors and windows locked, I would feel tha t being afraid of the movie is childish and hence I would stop being afraid. Based on my experience, I could say that to be able to have a complete understanding of emotions, one must take into account the biological and the psychological aspects of the emotion. With the various intensity and kinds of emotions that we go through in a single day, it is unrealistic to say that emotions are entirely biological or physiological or that it is purely psychological. Diary of Emotions The Diary of Emotions made me realize that a person could feel a number of emotions in a single day and that each emotion is triggered by different situations and it affects us physically and mentally (Cornelius, 1996). Based on the entries on my diary of emotions for three days, I more or less felt happy during those times and also had several anxious periods. When I felt happy, I had a smile on my face, like someone was tickling me. When I go about my work, I just breeze through it and I don’t worry about anything. I feel that my body is full of energy, that I am not tired at all and that I want to have a good time.Sometimes I feel that my heart beats more than the usual, sometimes I feel warm and sweaty, but in a good way. When I am happy, I think good thoughts and laughter comes easily. But when I was anxious, my body manifested several changes, one was that I was sweating profusely, and my hands had fine shakes. I also felt a little headache and my heart beat was racing a nd it’s almost I am at the verge of tears or exasperation. Then I was thinking of worst case scenarios if ever I was late for class or my friend would not talk to me when I approached her, or when I was waiting for the exam.There was also a period when I was upset and felt guilty. When I was upset I felt terrible, I couldn’t get my thoughts together and I felt like crying. It felt that there was a chunk of wood on top of my head weighing me down. I also kept repeating the event in my head the one I was upset about. After getting upset, I felt guilty that I quarreled with my friend knowing that I should have not snapped at her like that. Guilt though was more difficult to define, the physical changes was quite the same as being upset, but in a lesser degree but I was thinking of how I could patch up with my friend andplanning what to say to her when I see her. Being angry was exhausting, it seemed that my head was bursting and my heart was beating so fast, and then angr y words just came out of my mouth and I felt justified at saying it. I was thinking of how to get even, how to hurt her as much as she did me. After which I felt like water in the pot simmering and still heated up. Fear was actually like being anxious angry but there was something else, I was quiet and trembling all over. I was afraid that I might fail the test and mentally I was imagining what would happen if I failed it.Feeling sad was like the opposite of being happy, I felt heavy, I did not want to eat and move around or to work on anything. Surprise and feeling relieved was like being happy and being interested felt like I wanted to know more about the movie, that I was glad I was watching it, I was attentive to the story, I was listening intently and I think my eyes were very alert then. This exercise actually helped me learn how to identify my emotions and by paying attention to what it is then allowed me to think about how we are sometimes overwhelmed by what we feel in a ce rtain situation.

Essay on How Does the Readers Understanding of Perry Develop

How does the readers understanding of Perry develop? Early on in the novel, In Cold Blood, Capote described Perry Smith as a dreamer who tended to live in his own fantasies rather than the real world. We find out that Perry has a creative ambition and a sensitive side as he is a musician. However, once again this dream of this his caused him to stop paying attention to reality and what is going on around him by going into a trance. Later on in the novel we are introduced to more of Perry’s background and the fact that he was in prison. Here we are acquainted with one of Perry’s cell mates who turned out to be a very important and influential person in his life, â€Å"Brilliant Willie Jay†. Willie Jay was portrayed as a man of wisdom and,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You are a man of extreme passion,† Willie Jay wrote. Willie Jay explains how he admires Perry, yet he is a confused man in the world and he must understand where he is going to go and what he intends to do with his life. The letter is rather long and uses quite sophisticated language for a man in prison, for example, â€Å"You exist in a half world suspended between two superstructures.† This again expresses Willie Jay’s concerns for Perry as he is stuck between what is real and what is fantasy. Perry showed this letter to Dick and received a very dim view on it, â€Å"Faggots of scorn! He’s the faggot†. Although Perry had expected this from Dick, who had a limited mind, he still seemed to be attracted to him, though again without realising his feelings. This was again strange since Perry had been so infatuated with Willie Jay and for him to behave in a similar way with Dick who was so different from Willie Jay was odd as it again showed Perry’s confusion. When reading we are given another insight into Perry’s background as we find out what his superstitions are, â€Å"Nuns, the number 15, red hair, white flowers, priests crossing a road and snakes appearing in a dream.† All of these seem incorrect and are not the ordinary superstitions that we are used to, for example, it is normally the number 13 that we fear. I think that all of these fears that Perry has are a result of bad experiences in his life. He did not have a stableShow MoreRelatedIn Cold Blood Analysis2480 Words   |  10 PagesTruman Capote, an account to a perplexing crime is taken to a whole new level. The Clutter family was a charming family of four that lived in the little town of Holcomb, Kansas. They were brutally murdered with no apparent motive by Dick Hickock and Perry Smith, two men that had been inmates in jail. This story follows the authority’s attempt to unfold the mysteries of the unexpected murder, Dick and Perry’s journey acros s North America, and what eventually became of the criminals. Capote pieces theRead More Edgar Allan Poes Tell Tale Heart and Sir Arthur Conan Doyles The Adventure of the Speckled Band3183 Words   |  13 PagesArthur Conan Doyle and Edgar Allan Poe, both authors who are eminent for the content of their stories, wrote about crime. Though they invented stories concerning crime, they both wrote through different perspectives. This essay is going to compare how the characters of both stories, Tell Tale Heart written by Poe, and The Adventure of the Speckled Band written by Doyle, have been portrayed differently by their authors as well as exploring into the language style of the two stories. 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